Mohamed Mohsen

Introduction The principle of "no crime and no punishment without a law" is one of the foundational pillars of criminal justice systems worldwide. It serves as the primary legal safeguard protecting individuals from arbitrary treatment and injustice. This principle clearly defines when an act can be considered a crime and when a punishment can be imposed, thus reinforcing the rule of law and preventing legal chaos. This article explores the significance of this principle, its origins, applications in different legal systems, its compatibility with Islamic law, and the challenges it faces in the modern era. 1. The Concept of Legality in Crime and Punishment The principle of legality in crime and punishment is the cornerstone of modern criminal justice systems. It aims to set clear boundaries for what constitutes criminal behavior and what sanctions apply. It protects individuals from punishment unless there is a clear, specific law defining the criminal act and the correspondi...

In a world increasingly defined by shifting alliances and rising tensions, the rivalry between China and the United States has emerged as the central axis of global geopolitics. While a direct military confrontation remains hypothetical, the signs of a growing confrontation are undeniable. From trade wars to military maneuvers, technological bans to diplomatic spats, the shadow of conflict looms large, threatening to reshape the international order. At the heart of the tension lies a fundamental struggle for global leadership. China, fueled by decades of economic growth and strategic planning, no longer aspires to merely be the world’s factory — it aims to become a dominant superpower in fields like technology, defense, and space. The U.S., on the other hand, views China's rise not just as competition, but as a challenge to a global system it has led since the end of World War II. Nowhere is this rivalry more evident than in the case of Taiwan. Taiwan remains the most explosive fla...

The legal system of the United States is a complex and dynamic framework that reflects centuries of historical development, philosophical influences, and practical adaptation. To understand American law, one must trace its origins through colonial history, English common law, Enlightenment thought, and the founding of the United States Constitution. This article explores the roots and evolution of American law, highlighting key moments, doctrines, and sources that shaped its foundation. The primary influence on American legal tradition is the English common law system, which began to develop during the reign of King Henry II (1154–1189). Common law emerged from judicial decisions rather than written statutes, creating a system where legal principles were established through precedents. By the time English colonists arrived in North America in the early 17th century, common law had become deeply rooted in British governance. Colonies such as Virginia (1607) and Massachusetts Bay (1630) ...